This invention is about three new measuring methods to determine the twist angle and retardation value of any twisted nematic liquid crystal cell. Twist angle of the liquid crystal alignment and the retardation value are important design parameters in determining the optical performance of liquid c.....
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With the development of microelectronic systems, significant challenge of thermal management has to be faced to meet the increasing requirements such as smaller profile, higher performance and longer product lifetime. Conventional thermal interface materials, such as thermal grease, thermal adhesive.....
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Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) are one of the most essential building blocks in phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers, which are required in all data communication and telecommunication systems for generating highly accurate timing reference sources. However, existing VCOs need a suppl.....
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Flue gases produced in combustion processes, such as coal-fired power plants, automobiles, smelters, etc., contains huge amount of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and particulates. They contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution and some of them are stringently controlled by legis.....
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In modern wireless communication systems, the receiver is to recover with high sensitivity and accuracy baseband signal data or messages, which have been transmitted or broadcasted by way of modulation on a radio frequency (RF) carrier. However, these conventional high frequency receivers comprise a.....
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