Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO) are one of the most essential building blocks in phase-locked loops and frequency synthesizers, which are required in all data communication and telecommunication systems for generating highly accurate timing reference sources. However, existing VCOs need a suppl.....
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In modern wireless communication systems, the receiver is to recover with high sensitivity and accuracy baseband signal data or messages, which have been transmitted or broadcasted by way of modulation on a radio frequency (RF) carrier. However, these conventional high frequency receivers comprise a.....
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Flue gases produced in combustion processes, such as coal-fired power plants, automobiles, smelters, etc., contains huge amount of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide and particulates. They contribute significantly to atmospheric pollution and some of them are stringently controlled by legis.....
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A new bistable liquid crystal display (LCD) is invented. It has many advantages over existing bistable LCDs, such as low voltage operation, permanent bistability, and fast switching. It can be used in smart cards and in low power applications. LCDs that are truly bistable under zero voltage bias a.....
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A significant problem in data networks is that of congestion control, especially at switching nodes which receive incoming data packets from a number of channels, determine the next destination of these incoming packets, and send them to their destinations. Fair Queuing (FQ) is therefore needed to p.....
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