Electroplating-based flip chip solder preparation process had been widely used over other preparation methods. Although it is cheaper and is able to achieve the material deposition on the fine pitch I/O pads, the solder bumps resulted are not uniform and not quality-guaranteed. In this invention, ma.....
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The fabrication of functional nanoarchitectures with the desired dimensional structure is of great importance because of their unique optical, magnetic and catalytic properties and huge potential applications. Traditional photolithograph, more advanced soft-lithography and microfluidic are the curre.....
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A significant problem in data networks is that of congestion control, especially at switching nodes which receive incoming data packets from a number of channels, determine the next destination of these incoming packets, and send them to their destinations. Fair Queuing (FQ) is therefore needed to p.....
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A new bistable liquid crystal display (LCD) is invented. It has many advantages over existing bistable LCDs, such as low voltage operation, permanent bistability, and fast switching. It can be used in smart cards and in low power applications. LCDs that are truly bistable under zero voltage bias a.....
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Conventionally, DNA micro-array based detection systems rely on fluorescence or radioactive methods to discriminate matched and unmatched DNA samples for a given testing probe. These detection methods require expensive external equipment such as UV light source microscope. In addition, the fluoresce.....
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