Frequency-divider circuit is a key building block of phase-locked-loop (PLL) and frequency synthesizer (FS) circuits, which are required for all data communication and telecommunication systems. However, the failure of frequency-divider circuits functioning at low-voltage high-frequency operation is.....
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Previous merging algorithms have un-practically high computational complexity and hence cannot be applied to medium or large size networks. This invention presents two fast algorithms to merge anonymous routers. The first one uses Isomap to embed routers into a high-dimensional space based on their .....
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A new type of liquid crystal display (LCD) is invented. Common LCDs are transmissive with a front and a back polarizer. For viewing in reflection, a diffuser and a mirror are added to the back of the LCD. The new LCD is a true reflective LCD where there is no rear polarizer. The LCD is simple in.....
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Thin-film transistors (TFTs) are used in the construction of active-matrix devices like liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays, and image sensors. TFTs based on amorphous silicon suffer from low operating speed and lack of a p-type device, making it difficult to.....
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Metal induced crystallization (MIC) is a promising technology for obtaining poly-Si based thin-film transistors (TFTs). It is conventionally a 'one-step process' that does not have the possibility to remove any metal elements during the crystallization hear-treatment. As a consequence, large amount .....
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