Photonic band gap (PBG) materials are those periodic composites that possess spectral gaps in the frequency spectrum, in which electromagnetic waves cannot propagate in any direction within the material. Conventional PBG are based on Bragg scattering which limits the size of PBG structures for low-f.....
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Color liquid crystal displays (LCD) are usually made by putting color filters onto the individual pixels. These color filters are resins with color pigments. Full color displays can be made by a combination of the red, green and blue primary colors. This coloring scheme is the predominant technology.....
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Field emission displays (FEDs) have been known for a number of years as an alternative to active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs). Indeed, FEDs are known to have a number of advantages. They can be made thinner and lighter while having better operating characteristics compared to an AMLCD. In.....
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Large scale multicast of video and audio materials over IP networks is becoming increasingly popular and common. These services are bandwidth intensive and normally require stringent QoS requirements. Also with millions of heterogeneous participants involved, it is a tough problem to organize the ne.....
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A switch capacitor power converter, also known as a charge pump, is a component in the circuit that generates a high voltage using a low input voltage supply that provides power to a load using switches and capacitors. However, existing charge pumps involve too many capacitors and transistors and th.....
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