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Improved Nanocomposite Membranes For Fuel Cells And Air Separations

技术优势: The UC nanocomposite membranes: Can be used as a PEM well above 100°C, maintaining a hydration level at 100°C greater than ordinary fluorocarbon polymer membranes at 80°C; Reduces methanol crossover and increases proton conductivity as compared to ordinary fluorocarbon polymer membranes; Is suitable for tight packing into air separation modules; and Has a potential O2/N2 selectivity of up to 32.

技术应用: UC nanocomposite membranes might become standard components of PEM fuel cells, which have great commercial significance as the leading candidate to replace internal combustion engines in automobiles. The UC membranes are also likely to be the preferred membrane for use in hollow-fiber and multi-leaf spiral-wound air separation modules.

详细技术说明: A University of California researcher has invented a nanocomposite membrane that uses an alternative to silica particles—nanocrystallite zeolite particles. Both high temperature dehydration and methanol crossover can be countered by incorporating nanocrystalline zeolites into the fluorocarbon polymers. For air separation, unlike silica particles the nanocrystals used in this invention have excellent proton conductivity and are more efficient in increasing the O2/N2 selectivity of polymer membranes.

*Abstract: The physical properties of polymer membranes pose severe limits on performance when used in applications such as fuel cells and air separation modules. In the case of proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) used in fuel cells such as Nafion®, temperatures must be kept below 80°C in order to keep polyfluorocarbon membranes sufficiently hydrated for proton conduction, but the performance of fuel cell electrodes will be improved if the operational temperatures is increased to above 100°C. In fuel cells that derive protons from liquid hydrocarbon such as direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), there is an additional problem of performance being further degraded by PEM permeability to methanol (“methanol crossover”).

In the case of air separation modules, polymer membranes suffer from low O₂/N₂ selectivity (~6). Modestly higher selectivities can be achieved by adding silica particles to the polymer (up to ~9), but selectivities need to be at least 30 for membranes tightly-packed into compact modules to provide efficient oxygen enrichment. The highly selective materials that have been tried so far, such as carbon molecular sieves and zeolite membranes, are too fragile and expensive for practical use as substitutes for fluorocarbon polymer membranes in air separation modules.

*Principal Investigation: Name: Brett Holmberg
Department:

Name: Xin Wang
Department:

Name: Yushan Yan
Department:

附加资料: Patent Number: US7691514B2
Application Number: US2004982708A
Inventor: Yan, Yushan | Holmberg, Brett | Wang, Xin
Priority Date: 7 Nov 2003
Priority Number: US7691514B2
Application Date: 4 Nov 2004
Publication Date: 6 Apr 2010
IPC Current: H01M000810 | B05D000512
US Class: 429434 | 429033 | 427115 | 429030
Assignee Applicant: The Regents of the University of California
Title: Polymer-zeolite nanocomposite membranes for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells
Usefulness: Polymer-zeolite nanocomposite membranes for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells
Summary: (A) is useful for proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (claimed). (I) are incorporated into polymer matrices for membrane separation applications like gas separations and in polymer-exchange-membrane fuel cells. (claimed).
Novelty: Method of forming polymer/zeolite nanocomposite membrane (A), useful in fuel cells, comprises forming and combining zeolite nanocrystal and polymer source suspensions; ultrasonicating and heating the solution; and removing the membrane

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