Methods for Manipulating Yellow Perch Spawning Cycles
- 技术优势
- More Crops – Gametes can be produced every 2-3 months rather than once a year Year round supply – Perch can be conditioned to spawn any time during the year Safer – The process does not involve hormones or chemicals to induce spawning Healthy – Yellow perch are low in fat and calories and high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids Toxin free – Fish are reared in clean water and fed a controlled diet to ensure safety Flexibility – Large holding facilities can be scaled down due to constant year-round production Domesticated Brood stocks – Brood stocks have been selected for growth and health attributes
- 技术应用
- Yellow perch have long been a popular member of the Friday night fish fry inmany Great Lake shoreline communities. The commercial retail value ofyellow perch remains high at $13-16 per pound. Annual harvests from all theGreat Lakes averaged more than 23 million pounds from 1950 to 1970, butjust 5.75 million pounds from 1990 to 2000. During the 1970s the high marketvalues and decline in commercial catches led to heightened interest incommercial culture of this species, primarily in mid-western states. Adistributor in the Midwest has estimated market demand to be 50 to 100 millionpounds annually. The annual market value for all aquaculture in the U.S. isapproximately $1 billion. Yellow perch flesh is very high quality, with a firm, flaky texture and mild flavor.The meat has less fat (<1 percent) than other popular cultured food fish, andalso fewer calories per 100-gram serving (91). Yet it is high in protein (19.5percent) and contains a modest level of omega-3 fatty acids (0.3 percent). Thelower fat content of yellow perch can result in a longer shelf life. Thecommercial harvest of yellow perch is prohibited in some areas because of lowpopulations and closes periodically in other areas because of concerns aboutcontaminants. As the commercial harvest of yellow perch declines, the marketfor farm-raised fish is becoming increasingly valuable.
- 详细技术说明
- Dr. Binkowski has developed a process that involves conditioning yellow perch,through modification of water temperature and photoperiod regimes, to spawnanytime on the 12 month calendar once sexual maturity is reached. Out-ofcyclespawning brood stocks can be developed to produce gametes every 2-3months.
- *Abstract
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Although each particular broodstock will still only spawn one time eachyear, this process allows production of multiple brood stocks that each spawn atdifferent times. Having yellow perch gametes available this often creates aneconomic advantage by producing a valuable resource throughout the year.
Perch aquaculture has yet to realize the increased efficiency that has benefitedother domesticated species of livestock and poultry through selective breedingprograms. Some applications of intentional selection to other aquaculturespecies have demonstrated that domestication improvements, similar to thoseachieved with other livestock, are possible.
Current culture strategies for yellowperch are too dependent on wild populations as sources of eggs and fingerlingsfor grow-out. Essentially there are no commercially available domesticatedbrood stocks of this species. An understanding of the potential geneticresources that exist in wild perch stocks is limited. Knowledge of the influenceof the environment on gene expression and the degree of inheritability ofaquaculturally important traits will be necessary to derive the full benefit ofartificial breeding. These factors will only be clarified through the developmentof domesticated stocks and the implementation of controlled breedingprograms.
Current practice limits production of young fish for grow-out to a single annualcrop that would be available in late spring through early summer. Unfortunately,with a single annual crop rearing pattern, aquaculturists have to invest in largeholding facilities, which are required toward the latter months of the rearingcycle to support the increased biomass of the crop. These facilities would beunneeded earlier in the growing cycle, and would be wastefully idle through the summer and into the fall. Also,with a seasonal synchronization of production of market-sized perch, oversupply at harvest time could result inundesirable effects on price. This dilemma requires spreading production over time. Neither retention of marketsizedadults to control supply, nor holding large numbers of fingerlings in stunted conditions for later grow-outprovide ideal solutions to this problem, since both of these strategies incur additional holding costs.
- *Principal Investigation
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Name: Fred Binkowski, Senior Scientist
Department:
- 国家/地区
- 美国
