High Quality Down-sampling for Deterministic Approaches to Stochastic Computing
Accurate Stochastic Bit StreamsThis concept uses pseudo-random number generators (e.g., linear feedback shift registers, or LFSR) to generate input bit-streams for deterministic approaches of stochastic computing (SC). This high-quality down-sampling method generates pseudo-random—but accurate—stochastic bit streams, resulting in much better accuracy for a given number of input bits. The new techniques offer technical advantages by randomizing deterministically generated bit-streams. As with processing unary streams, which can be deterministically generated, the computations are completely accurate when executing the operations for the required number of cycles. However, by pseudo-randomizing the streams, the computation has good progressive precision property, and truncating the output streams by running for fewer clock cycles still produces high quality outputs. For some inputs (e.g., image processing and neural network applications) decision making does not require high precision, and therefore a low-precision estimate of the output value is sufficient.Down-sampling Method Reduces Operation TimeWhile recently proposed deterministic approaches to SC that rely on unary-style bit-streams (i.e., streams with a sequence of 1s followed by a sequence 0s) produce completely accurate results, they also suffer from poor progressive precision (e.g., the output converges to the expected correct value very slowly). Furthermore, to produce completely accurate results, the operation must run for an exact number of clock cycles. Running the operation for fewer cycles leads to a poor result with an error out of the acceptable error bound. These drawbacks can limit using unary-style bit-streams approaches in different applications. This new down-sampling method improves the progressive precision property of the three main previously proposed deterministic stochastic computing approaches. By modifying the structure of the stream generators, the enhanced deterministic methods produce not only completely accurate results, but also acceptable results in a much shorter time and with a much lower energy consumption compared to current architectures that generate and process unary streams. Results show that, for the same operation time, deterministic down-sampling produces results with a lower average error rate than that of processing unary-style deterministic bit-streams and also the conventional random stochastic streams. When some inaccuracy is acceptable, using these high-quality down-sampling methods can reduce long operation times and the high energy consumption.BENEFITS AND FEATURES:High-quality down-sampling methodPseudo-random number generators generate deterministic accurate input bit-streamsImproved accuracy for a given number of input bitsGood progressive precision propertyTruncating output streams (by running fewer clock cycles) produces high quality outputsGenerates acceptable results in less time and with much lower energy consumptionLower average error rateReduces long operation times and high energy consumptionAPPLICATIONS:Sensor-based circuitryImage processing circuitrySpecialized circuitry for neural networksMachine learning applicationsDigital chips (i.e., image and signal processing, machine learning applications)Approximate computingApplications that tolerate some degree of uncertainty (such as video processing, image tagging, neural networks)Phase of Development - Proof of Concept
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